![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() the time difference between the winner and tenth-placed competitor) has progressively improved (time differences have decreased) for international races over the past two decades for both males and females, with performance density now very similar for both sexes. Both physiological and morphological factors contribute to explaining these findings. Generally, time differences between sexes in swimming have been shown to be smaller on average than during cycling and running. Sex differences in triathlon performance are also known to differ between the modes of locomotion adopted (swimming, cycling or running) for both elite and non-elite triathletes. The relative participation of both females and masters athletes (age >40 years) in triathlon has increased consistently over the past 25 years. Triathlon represents an intriguing alternative model for analysing the effects of age and sex upon endurance and ultra-endurance (>6 h) performance because sex differences and age-related declines in performance can be analysed in the same individuals across the three separate disciplines. Age and sex influences upon performance have also been investigated for ultra-triathlons, with distances corresponding to several Ironman distances and lasting several days, and for off-road triathlons combining swimming, mountain biking and trail running. ![]() A number of recent studies have investigated how sex and age influence triathlon performance, a sport that combines three disciplines (swimming, cycling and running), with competitions commonly lasting between 2 (short distance: 1.5-km swim, 40-km cycle and 10-km run) and 8 h (Ironman distance: 3.8-km swim, 180-km cycle and 42-km run) for elite triathletes. "The other point is, I wouldn't be able to do any of this without the support of my guides and Dare2tri," a "paratriathlon club" for children and adults with a "physical disability, such as amputation, spinal cord injury, stroke, spina bifida (and) cerebral palsy, and those with visual impairments and blindness," according to the group's website.The influences of sex and age upon endurance performance have previously been documented for both running and swimming. "You can't take revenge on an inanimate object," he said, in reference to the lake, "so what I'm looking for is redemption. "It got to the point where I thought (triathlon officials) were going to pull us out of the water on account of the waves," Gilliard said. "I'm really looking forward to this (Chicago) triathlon because last year, when I got into Lake Michigan in the International Triathlon Union race, Lake Michigan really kicked my butt," Gilliard said of the turbulent surf and choppy conditions that plagued participants. But at this point, it's much more comfortable because I've been doing this for a couple of years now." Gilliard conceded the challenge blindness imposes takes some getting used to, trying to fit "each of those pieces together. "He's usually on my left-hand side, and close to my elbow," Gilliard said of Migalla, who either steers him into the clear or warns him of potential obstacles in this path. After that, they will run side by side in the final portion of the triathlon. Gilliard and Migalla will then mount a tandem bike with Migalla in the front seat and Gilliard in the back. ![]()
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